Studies have shown that chest x-ray screening does
not improve mortality statistics. However, studies in Japan and United
States (Mayo, Cornell) have shown that CT scanning can detect cancers
in stage 1 when cure rates are very high. The ELCAP trial (early lung
cancer action program) was designed to evaluate baseline and annual
repeat screening by low dose CT in persons at high risk for lung cancer.
The study published in Lancet (1999) found that 74% of the CT detected
cases of lung cancer were not seen on chest x-ray. The investigators
of ELCAP have concluded "annual CT screening for lung cancer
in high risk individuals provides for detecting the disease at earlier
and presumably more commonly curable stages in a cost-effective manner".